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| Symbol | Description | Symbol | Description |
| M | (1) Median of population
(2) Monetary amount for calculating utility |
MSA | Mean square (between columns); used to calculate the F statistics in a two-factor analysis of variance |
| MSAB | Interactions mean square; used in two-factor analysis of variance | MSB | Mean square (between rows); used to calculate the F statistics in a two-factor analysis of variance |
| MSCOL | Mean square (between columns); used to calculate the F statistics for a Latin-square design in a three-factor analysis of variance | MSE | (1) Error mean square; used to
calculate the F statistics in analysis of variance
(2) Mean squared error in exponential smoothing. |
| MSR | Regression mean square | MSROW | Mean square (between rows); used to calculate the F statistics for a Latin-square design in a three-factor analysis of variance |
| MSTR | Mean square; used to calculate
the F statistics:
(1) between columns for treatments in a one-factor analysis of variance (2) between letters in a three-factor analysis of variance using a Latin-square design |
m | (1) Sample median
(2) Number of variables used in multiple regression and correlation analysis (3) Number of smoothing parameters in exponential smoothing |
 (mu) |
Arithmetic mean of a population |  |
Value of the population mean assumed
under the null hypothesis  in
this text |
 |
Mean of populations; used in analysis of variance |  |
Mean of treatment combination populations; used in analysis of variance |
 |
Means of population A and B, which are compared using two samples. |  |
Conditional mean for values of the dependent variable Y for a specified value of the independent variable X; used in regression analysis, where it represents the height of the true regression line |
 |
Conditional mean for values of the dependent variable Y for a specified value of the independent variable X1 and X2; used in regression analysis, where it represents the height of the true regression line |  |
Expected value of random variable X; represents the long-run average value for X obtained from repeated random experiments |
| N | Number of observations in a population (population size) | n | (1) Number of observations in a
sample (sample size)
(2) Number of trials in a Bernoulli process - binomial |
| n! | n factorial, or the product n (n-1)(n-2)..(2)(1) | nA, nB | Sample sizes for two-sample tests comparing the parameters of two population A and B |
| na, nb | Number of observations of type a and type b obtained in a sample; applicable to number-of-runs test | O1, O2, | Outcomes in a decision structure |